Toheeda, Marwa Wali

The Alkhidmat Foundation Pakistan is a self-governing charitable society. Its primary goal is to aid those in need. Though it was not technically incorporated as an NGO until 1990, the Alkhidmat Foundation has been providing public services since Pakistan’s creation in 1947. The supply of food and medical aid to refugees, victim rescue and lodging have consistently been the pillars of the Alkhidmat Foundation. The Alkhidmat group is among the top networks for providing humanitarian relief and an excellent example of a charitable organization. It offers Pakistan’s underprivileged communities access to clean water, health, education, crisis management, interest-free microfinance, and other community services. Finding out what sets Alkhidmat Foundation apart from other non-governmental organizations operating in Pakistan is another goal of this research. In addition, the study intends to evaluate the organization’s efforts in reconstruction, rescue and assistance for Pakistani citizens as well as Kyber Pukhtunkhwa residents in general. This research sets a benchmark for evaluating the effectiveness of NGOs in Pakistan and will offer valuable insights for future evaluations of NGOs, aiding policymakers, researchers, and organizations in enhancing their service delivery and impact on underprivileged communities.

Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research

Aman Ullah, Kaifayat Ullah, Tehreem Naeem Butt

This research study identifies different underlying oil price shocks to investigate the consequences of these shocks on the volatility of stock market prices in Pakistan which is highly import dependent countries. With some reasonable modification to the existing approach, this study uses Non-Linear Auto regressive distributed lag model to investigate the response of stock price volatility to oil price shock specifically oil demand shocks, oil supply shocks and oil specific demand shock by using monthly time series date from 2001-2018 for Pakistan. The analysis is carried out in two steps. In the first steps underlying source of oil price is identified. In the second step, the impact of these oil price shocks on the volatility of stock prices is analyzed for Pakistan. Bound test for nonlinear co-integration result indicates that there is long run association among the projected variables. The results of NARDL model are summarized as, except oil specific demand shock all variables have a long run and short impact on stock market volatility with different magnitudes which may contribute in asymmetry. This asymmetry impact of projected variables is investigated with the help of WALD test. The result shows that in long run, oil supply shock, oil demand shock has an asymmetric effect on volatility of stock market whereas, oil specific demand shock test statistics indicate the absence of asymmetric effect. While in short run only oil demand shows an asymmetric impacts and rest of the two variables namely oil supply shock and oil specific demand shocks results indicate that there is no asymmetric effect on volatility of stock prices.

Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management

Tehreem Naeem Butt, Aman Ullah

This research looks at the financial stability of Pakistani microfinance banks (MFBs) in the context of the economy to see how macroeconomic factors affect microfinance decisions. The data of ten microfinance banks over the period of 2016-2020 is used for this purpose. Except for GDP growth, economic variables such as foreign direct investment, inflation, and interest rates spread have a negative impact on financial sustainability, according to the findings. From the perspective of MFI good governance, the total economic results appear to be crucial. Furthermore, for MFIs to be financially stable, government and microfinance officials must take macroeconomic decisions into consideration.

Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management

Hamza Abid

This paper explores the advancements and significance of Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) in modern communication technologies, particularly their role in enhancing 4G, 5G, and beyond. It examines the architecture, types of nodes, and various standards of WMNs, highlighting their dynamic, self-organizing nature and cost-effectiveness. The paper also compares WMNs with ad-hoc networks, addressing protocol design and other critical issues. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of WMNs to provide flexible, scalable, and reliable network solutions, and can serve as an essential reference for researchers and industry professionals.

Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks

Mohammad A Shahzad

Recent advancements in Internet technology have significantly transformed the interaction between humans and electronic devices, leading to the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT). This paper explores the evolution and impact of edge computing, a technology that processes data near its source rather than relying solely on cloud computing. By comparing cloud, fog, and edge computing, we highlight the advantages of edge computing in reducing latency, enhancing security, and improving efficiency. The paper also addresses the challenges and opportunities in edge computing, emphasizing its potential applications in smart homes, cities, and collaborative environments. Edge computing represents a pivotal shift towards more responsive and efficient data processing, crucial for the future of IoT.

Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks

Yousaf Raheel

In this paper we will discuss different causes of poverty in different regions of the world. The factors such as malnutrition, slum areas, child labour, Infant mortality rate, lack of education, and child marriages play an important role in the poverty statistics of any country. We will discuss the regions which have high poverty rate, also the role of non-governmental organizations in eradication of poverty.

Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research

Noor Us Sama

Research has become a vital component of education, enabling students to acquire diverse skills that enhance their knowledge, deepen their understanding, and provide opportunities to explore new areas and address existing gaps. Research is important because it allows researchers to observe how students encounter and overcome various challenges during their research work, ultimately completing their research successfully. The objectives of this study were to identify students’ experiences with research skills and to explore the challenges they face while conducting research. The study adopted a qualitative approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews as the primary data collection method. The research population consisted of students from the Institute of Education and Research, with a sample size of 20 students interviewed for the study. The key findings revealed that students face several challenges during their research work. These include difficulties in data collection and analysis, selecting appropriate research topics, a lack of prior research knowledge, time management issues, and financial constraints, particularly for students living in hostels.

Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research

Muhammad Bilal Waris

This paper examines the evolution of Samsung’s Galaxy S series smartphones, focusing on the design changes and their impact on performance, customer demands, and competitive advantage. By analyzing the Galaxy S through S4 models, the study highlights significant milestones in smartphone technology and provides valuable insights into the principles of product evolution and innovation. The research underscores the importance of both demand-pull and invention-push innovation models in driving product development. Through comprehensive strategic analysis and competitive dynamics assessment, the paper explores how Samsung has leveraged its robust R&D capabilities and strategic branding to maintain a competitive edge in the dynamic smartphone market. The findings reveal that Samsung’s commitment to innovation and understanding of customer needs have been crucial in its success. This work is important as it offers a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing product evolution in the smartphone industry, providing valuable lessons for future technological advancements and strategic business decisions.  

Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management

Michael James Wood

This paper explores modern communication technologies, focusing on the evolution of cellular networks from 1G to 5G, comparing their architectures and advancements. Broadband solutions, including DSL and fiber-optic FTTH, are examined alongside cloud computing models—public, private, hybrid, and community—and service models like SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, and FaaS. Security challenges across these technologies, including cellular, broadband, and cloud systems, are analyzed with proposed countermeasures. The study highlights the importance of innovation and robust security to ensure the reliability of these interconnected systems.

Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks

Dan Lee-Jones

The rapid evolution of networking technologies has revolutionized data communication, enabling unprecedented levels of connectivity and driving the development of advanced applications. This paper comprehensively reviews current and emerging networking technologies, focusing on their capabilities, vulnerabilities, and implications. It begins with examining the progression of broadband technologies, covering fixed-line options such as DSL, ADSL, fiber optics, powerline communications, and wireless advancements, including WiMAX, 3G, 4G, and 5G. Each technology's strengths, limitations, and specific use cases are analyzed, along with comparative insights into performance, scalability, and accessibility. The paper also explores the transformative role of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) in enabling agile, efficient, and scalable network management, discussing its architecture, operational advantages, and associated security challenges. Short-range communication technologies such as Bluetooth, NFC, infrared, RFID, ANT, and Z-Wave are also examined in detail. Security challenges arising from the widespread adoption of these technologies are critically assessed, and tailored countermeasures are proposed to mitigate associated risks. This holistic analysis offers a valuable framework for understanding the impact of networking advancements on communication infrastructures. It provides actionable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers navigating the complexities of a hyper-connected world.

Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks

Marwas Asif, Motia Bibi

The study's findings will provide valuable insights into the experiences of women facing harassment in KP, highlighting barriers to reporting and accessing justice. The research will identify systemic gaps and recommend policy reforms, support services, and awareness campaigns to promote gender equality and safety. By shedding light on this critical issue, this study aims to inform evidence-based interventions, advocate for women's rights, and contribute to a safer, more inclusive environment for women in KP. The research's outcomes will be crucial for policymakers, practitioners, and activists working to address gender-based violence and promote women's empowerment in Pakistan.

Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research

Motia Bibi, Ayesha Tasheen

This research examines the underlying causes, patterns, and impact of gender-based violence in the region. Utilizing a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, the study explores factors such as cultural norms, patriarchal structures, lack of legal enforcement, and socioeconomic challenges that contribute to the vulnerability of women. Data was collected through interviews case studies in the reports from local organizations working on women’s rights. The findings highlight the prevalence of domestic violence, honor killings, forced marriages, and other forms of abuse. The research emphasizes the need for stronger legal frameworks, enhanced social awareness, and support systems to protect women’s rights in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Recommendations are provided for policy makers, civil society organizations, and stakeholders to collaborate in creating a safer environment for women in the province. 

Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research

Farrukh Aqeel

This paper explores the strategic challenges and opportunities faced by Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) in a competitive and evolving market. It examines the airline’s strategic objectives, focusing on operational efficiency, customer satisfaction, and innovation. The analysis highlights key factors influencing organizational strategy and evaluates potential approaches to improve competitiveness, including enhanced technology, employee engagement, and expanded services. Recommendations emphasize sustainable growth through stakeholder alignment and strategic adaptability, positioning PIA for long-term success in the aviation industry.

Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management

Babar Zaman, Mohammad A Shahzad

With over 1400 stores nationwide and revenue of more than £33 billion, Sainsbury’s is one of the UK’s largest retail groups. This paper provides a much-needed insight into the supply chain of Sainsbury’s in the context of a fast-spoiling fresh fruit and vegetable product line. A detailed overview of the literature has been conducted to highlight the best practices in the supply chain management process which have helped identify important components of the supply chain management an organization should focus on. With the help of this overview, questionnaires were prepared to conduct a survey from the customers and the staff of Sainsbury’s. As a result of this survey, critical problems in Sainsbury’s supply chain management process for fresh fruit and vegetables were identified.  

Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management

Khalid Khan

In recent years, computer networks have evolved from static, hierarchical structures to highly distributed, autonomous systems. This shift necessitates self-adaptive and self-organizing capabilities in networking nodes. Challenges such as scalability, mobility, resource constraints, and the need for infrastructure-less operation are addressed through biologically inspired approaches. Techniques like Ant Colony Optimization, Artificial Immune Systems, and epidemic spreading offer promising solutions for efficient and robust network control. This paper explores various bio-inspired models and their applications in modern networking paradigms, highlighting their potential to enhance the performance and resilience of large-scale, dynamic, and heterogeneous networks.

Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks

Maria Bibi, Fatima Rida

The focus of the study was to analyze the aggressive behavior among students and try to control it with the help of therapeutic techniques. The purpose of this study was to apply the play therapy videos for controlling the aggressive behavior of students at secondary school level. The study was conducted on boys in 10th grade. The anger management videos, drawing play therapy, and clay play therapy were applied to control their anger and aggressive behavior. It was an experimental research conducted for six weeks having 25 sample size. ‘Aggression-problem behavior frequency’ scale was used to measure the level of aggression among students. Only students with high aggression level were selected as sample of the study. The difference between the aggressive behavior of experimental group students was calculated through paired sample t-tests. The significant values of t-tests (0.000) indicated that with the application of therapeutic videos in six different sessions helped students to control aggressive behavior. The study concluded that the play therapy helped to control the aggressive behavior of the students. It is recommended that teachers should apply the play therapies in order to minimize the aggressive behavior problems among students.

Published in SchoRes Journal of Education Research

Yousaf Raheel

This paper provides a marketing plan for a proposed Head & Shoulders Olive Oil Extracts shampoo brand. Internal and external market analysis has been provided using SWOT, PESTEL, and Porter 5 Force Model. A thorough marketing strategy has been provided though 4 Ps Marketing Mix model along with a detailed assessment of value to consumers as a consequence of the marketing strategy.

Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management

Maria Bibi, Fatima Rida

The utilization of educational technology is an emerging trend and phenomenon around the globe, it is also introducing rapidly in the education system. Currently, the formation of the latest opportunities, context, and digital technology bring the important changes in the teaching learning strategies and overall evaluation used in approximately all discipline, which they used digital portfolio. The educational electronic portfolio plays their role in the students learning as well as in their academic assessment. The incorporation of technology is common in the education system but the use of the electronic portfolio for students, assessment is a new phenomenon in academia. Action research was carried out in a public college in Punjab, Pakistan. The sample of the study was 25 students from second year, and five students from PGD program, and all 14 instructors of the college. The educational electronic portfolio was developed by the instructors with the help of the experts and then the introduction and guidance about educational electronic portfolio was given to selected students and all instructors of the college. Both instructors and students created the educational electronic portfolio. The data was collected by students and instructors. Two Likert scale questionnaires with 3-point options were used for data collection. Data was analyzed by SPSS and Descriptive statistics were calculated. Findings show that the majority of the instructors and students were in favour of the educational electronic portfolio and consider it as an effective and innovative tool for learning and assessment as well. Study recommended that instructors need to learn to create such type of educational electronic portfolios for students’ assessment purposes. Moreover, this strategy can be applied in the classroom to enhance students’ learning.

Published in SchoRes Journal of Education Research

Mohammad A Shahzad

This research evaluates the causes and consequences of the global financial crisis of 2008. The analysis indicates that the unrealistic assumptions were the major reason behind mispricing in the unregulated market causing credit default swaps which finally resulted in explosion of residential mortgage defaults. In the second half of the paper, we will discuss the consequences of this financial crisis and how it affected the global economy and resulted in unprecedented job losses.

Published in IOARP Journal of Business and Management

Munir Hussain, Syed Usman Jamil

Over the last few years, the popularity of both electronic and mobile commerce (M-Commerce) has increased due to advancement in the Information Technology (IT). Evaluation of E-commerce and M-commerce protocols has always remained a subject of sustained effort to find an optimal solution. Mobile devices are resource constrained in terms of memory, processing and battery power. There have been efforts in the past for evaluation of such protocols based on the issues like privacy, security and efficiency. In this paper special consideration however is given to the battery power and thus evaluates few well-known M-commerce payment protocols for their battery requirements in terms of energy cost and compares energy cost of these protocols to find the most optimal solution for mobile payment.  Initial objective of this paper finds out energy consumption for every individual entity involved in the most popular mobile payments protocols. After the earlier has been achieved, the second and the most fundamental objective of this work is to calculate the overall energy consumption and to analyze these selected protocols to find out the most energy efficient protocol.

Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks

M Adeel, S Al-Sultan

Disruptive behaviour is the most critical and persistent challenge a teacher faces throughout his career. Pedagogists term disruptive behaviour as the behaviour that stops the process of learning to take place. Disruptive behaviour has a catastrophically demoralising effect on the teachers. Study of the literature reveals that the instances of classroom disruptions date back to the 13^th century Rome. Active research in this domain has enabled researchers to devise effective strategies to cope with disruptions of various natures. This case study analyses classroom disruptions caused by students indulged in making excessive noise, and use of mobile phones. We assess physical, emotional, and environmental factors behind these disruptions, and discuss strategies to effectively tackle them.

Published in SchoRes Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities

Habib Nawaz, Amjad Reba, Muhammad Yousaf

This study was designed to investigate the attitude of students towards inclusive education. The main purpose of this study was to find out the feelings of the students towards handicapped students. This was a descriptive type of study. The tool of the study was questionnaire consisting of three parameter of attitude. The population of the study was the students of institute of education and research, University of Peshawar. 50 students were the sample size of the study and were selected randomly from the population. The data were collected through questionnaire and then presented in tabulation in figures and percentages. The data were analyzed through SPSS and then interpreted. The study found that handicapped students’ attitude towards other fellows were friendly. Moreover, the students did not feel shamed while introducing his/her handicapped classmate to other friends. However, most of the handicapped students were in inferiority complex because people did not give any preference to handicapped friend over normal friend. Furthermore, the study concluded that handicapped students could contribute to the welfare of society and state if they have given opportunities and proper attention. It is recommended that awareness program about handicapped students and their needs may be initiated. Inclusive practices may be increased in educational institutions.

Published in SchoRes Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities

Waseem Ahmed

The Middle East is a diverse region with heterogeneity in culture. In this paper we will discuss different cultural aspects of the Middle East, generating a comprehensive picture of its cultural values and how over the course of time it has changed. We will also discuss religious shift in the region as Middle East is a birthplace of three main religions: Islam, Christianity and Judaism. We will also talk about their day-to-day life and art and architecture.

Published in IOARP Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research

Hamza Abid

This paper provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of emerging wireless network technologies, focusing on 5G, Wi-Fi 6, and Wi-Fi 7. The study evaluates these technologies based on key performance metrics such as speed, latency, and capacity, as well as their real-world applications. By examining the technical specifications and practical implementations of each technology, this paper aims to offer insights into their implications for the future of wireless communication. The analysis highlights the advancements brought by each technology, their potential to meet the growing demand for high-speed connectivity, and their suitability for various applications ranging from consumer electronics to industrial automation. The findings of this study are intended to guide stakeholders in making informed decisions about adopting and integrating these technologies into their networks.

Published in IOARP Journal of Communication and Networks

Sana Rahat

This research aims to analyze different strategies of teachers for dealing with the misbehavior of students in a classroom. The objectives of the study were to determine the most common disruptive misbehavior of students and to explore different strategies used by teachers for dealing with problematic students. The nature of the study is quantitative. Four schools were conveniently selected from Cantt, Saddar Peshawar area. The respondents will be 9th and 10th-class teachers. For data collection, a self-structured close-ended questionnaire was prepared based on a five-point Likert scale. The researcher visited the schools personally and collected the data. The researcher analyzed the data by putting the data into SPSS version 21 and organized it in the form of frequencies and percentages. The researcher used chi-square for the testing of hypotheses. 
The study concluded that student misbehaviors affect the smoothness and effectiveness of teaching in the classroom and different strategies adopted by teachers for controlling the disruptive behavior of students in the classroom play an important role in improving student behavior and motivating them toward learning. Recommended measures for dealing with student misbehavior include arranging sessions and seminars for students to understand the roots of their problems and interacting with the parents to understand if the student might be dealing with a stressful situation at home.

Published in SchoRes Journal of Education Research